1.2.1 적합성 요구사항

2.1.1 식별자 활용 사례

• 지속성(Persistent): 식별자는 지정된 후 10년에서 15년 동안은 확실하게 아무 문제없이 사용될 수 있어야 한다.
• 유일성(Unique): 식별자는 고유해야 한다. 즉 동일한 식별자는 하나 이상의 어휘 또는 어휘 문맥 내의 용어에 지정될 수 없다.
• 해석 가능성(Resolvable): 모든 식별자는 해석 가능해야 한다. 즉 식별자의 입력 후 어휘 또는 용어의 정의에 대한 현재 위치 정보인 URL을 반환하는 ‘해석 서비스(resolution service)’가 있어야 한다. 이 정의는 어휘교환 표준을 사용할 수 있지만 반드시 그럴 필요는 없다.
• 이동 가능성(Transportable): 어휘들은 별도의 식별자에 대한 수정 없이 저장소들 간에 이동이 가능해야 한다.
• 비디지털 환경에서 사용 가능성(Usable in non-digital environment): 식별자는 웹 기반이 아닌 문맥 안에서 또한 사용 가능해야 한다. 즉, 식별자를 종이 문서에 인쇄하고 전화로 이를 받아쓰는 것이 가능해야 한다. 이러한 이유로 식별자는 짧고 이해하기 쉬어야 한다.
• URI 호환성(URI compliant): 식별자는 반드시 URI 규격에 적합해야 한다(이상적인 것은, 식별자가 기존의 표준 및 기술을 기초로 해야 한다 하지만 이들은 어떤 특정 프로토콜에 종속되어서는 안 된다).

4.2.1 어휘 식별자

4.2.2 용어 식별자

4.2.3 캡션

4.2.4 미디어 생성자

   <term>
        <termIdentifier>X.42</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘it’>appoggiatura</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring language=‘en’>A grace note just above or below the primary note, which it precedes and delays.</langstring>
        </description>
        <mediaDescriptor>
           <mediaLocator>appog.wav</mediaLocator>
           <interpretationNote>
              <langstring language=‘en’>The leading note to bar 5 is an example of an appoggiatura</langstring>
           <interpretationNote>
        </mediaDescriptor>
     </term>
  </vdex>

4.2.5 관계

4.2.6 메타데이터

• 동일 메타데이터 스키마 안의 레코드
• 다른 메타데이터 스키마 안의 레코드

4.2.7 Langstrings

4.4.1 조합식 분류 체계

4.4.2 마이크로 시소러스

4.4.3 다중 계층 분류법

4.5.1 어휘교환 모델 확장

• 의미론적 단계에서 유사성이 많은 모델의 확산은 피한다.
• 확장을 허용하지 않는 시스템의 사용자는 다소 적을 수도 있으나 그 실행의 결과로 약간의 이익은 거둘 수 있게 한다.

4.5.2 어휘교환 모델을 구성 요소로 활용

5.1.1 토큰 플랫 리스트로 표현되는 ISO 시소러스 연결

<?xml version=‘1.0’ encoding=‘UTF-8’?>
  <vdex xmlns=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0’ xmlns:xsi=‘http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance’ xsi:schemaLocation=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0 imsvdex_v1p0.xsd http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsmd_rootv1p2p1 imsmd_rootv1p2p1.xsd’ orderSignificant=‘false’ profileType=‘flatTokenTerms’ language=‘en’>
     <vocabName>
        <langstring>ISO 2788 Term 관계s for Monolingual Thesauri as Used by the IMS Vocabulary Definition Exchange Specification</langstring>
     </vocabName>
     <vocabIdentifier>http://www.imsglobal.org/vocabularies/iso2788_relations.xml</vocabIdentifier>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>USE</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>use</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>Preferred term when a choice between synonyms or quasi-synonyms exists. </langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>UF</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>use for</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>Non-preferred synonym or quasi-synonym for the term being described. </langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>TT</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>top term</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>Broadest class to which the specific term belongs. </langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>BT</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>broader term</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>Term that has a broader meaning than the term being described. </langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>NT</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>narrower term</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>Term that has a narrower meaning than the term being described. </langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>RT</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>related term</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>Term related to the one being described. </langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <metadata>
        <lom xmlns=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsmd_rootv1p2p1’>
           <relation>
              <kind>
                 <source>
                    <langstring>LOMv1.0</langstring>
                 </source>
                 <value>
                    <langstring>IsBasedOn</langstring>
                 </value>
              </kind>
              <resource>
                 <description>
                    <langstring>ISO 2788:1986 - Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri</langstring>
                 </description>
              </resource>
           </relation>
        </lom>
     </metadata>
  </vdex>

5.1.2 눈(Eye) 관련 용어

<?xml version=‘1.0’ encoding=‘UTF-8’?>
  <!-- Definitions from http://www.glaucoma.org/learn/glossary.html -->
  <vdex profileType=‘glossaryOrDictionary’ xmlns=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0’ xmlns:xsi=‘http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance’ xsi:schemaLocation=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0 imsvdex_v1p0.xsd’ orderSignificant=‘false’ language=‘en’>
     <vocabName>
        <langstring>Glossary of Terms Relevant to Glaucoma</langstring>
     </vocabName>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>glaucoma1</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>angle closure glaucoma</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>A type of glaucoma caused by a sudden and severe rise in eye pressure. Occurs when the pupil enlarges too much or too quickly, and the outer edge of the iris blocks the eye's drainage canals. Can be either acute or chronic.</langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>glaucoma2</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>aqueous humor</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>The fluid made in the front part of the eye.</langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>glaucoma3</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>bleb</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>A bubble in the eye tissue that lays over the new drainage opening created during surgery.</langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>glaucoma4</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>4-FU</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>A medication designed to stop the healing process. Sometimes used around the bleb to stop it from healing or scarring over.</langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>glaucoma5</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>central vision</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring>What is seen when you look straight ahead or when you read.</langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
  </vdex>

5.1.3 MeSH 분류법의 구성요소

<?xml version=‘1.0’ encoding=‘UTF-8’?>
  <vdex orderSignificant=‘false’ profileType=‘hierarchicalTokenTerms’ language=‘en’ xsi:schemaLocation=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0 imsvdex_v1p0.xsd’ xmlns=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0’ xmlns:xsi=‘http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance’>
     <vocabName>
        <langstring>MeSH (National Institute of Health Medical Subject Headings)</langstring>
     </vocabName>
     <vocabIdentifier>http://www.fdgroup.com/~ftpkod/kmap/mesh_v1p0.xml</vocabIdentifier>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>L01</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>Information Science</langstring>
        </caption>
        <term>
           <termIdentifier>L01.040</termIdentifier>
           <caption>
              <langstring>Book Collecting</langstring>
           </caption>
        </term>
        <term>
           <termIdentifier>L01.080</termIdentifier>
           <caption>
              <langstring>Chronology</langstring>
           </caption>
        </term>
        <term>
           <termIdentifier>L01.100</termIdentifier>
           <caption>
              <langstring>Classification</langstring>
           </caption>
        </term>
        <term>
           <termIdentifier>L01.143</termIdentifier>
           <caption>
              <langstring>Communication</langstring>
           </caption>
           <term>
              <termIdentifier>L01.143.050</termIdentifier>
              <caption>
                 <langstring>Advertising</langstring>
              </caption>
           </term>
           <term>
              <termIdentifier>L01.143.230</termIdentifier>
              <caption>
                 <langstring>Communication Barriers</langstring>
              </caption>
           </term>
           <term>
              <termIdentifier>L01.143.283</termIdentifier>
              <caption>
                 <langstring>Cybernetics</langstring>
              </caption>
              <term>
                 <termIdentifier>L01.143.283.425</termIdentifier>
                 <caption>
                    <langstring>Feedback</langstring>
                 </caption>
              </term>
           </term>
        </term>
     </term>
  </vdex>

5.1.4 ISO 관계를 사용하고 첫 번째 예제를 참조하는 시소러스의 구성요소

<?xml version=‘1.0’ encoding=‘UTF-8’?>
  <vdex orderSignificant=‘false’ profileType=‘thesaurus’

xsi:schemaLocation=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0 imsvdex_v1p0.xsd’

xmlns=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0’ xmlns:xsi=‘http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance’>
     <vocabName>
        <langstring language=‘en’>An example thesaurus fragment</langstring>
     </vocabName>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>MONOTH_00001</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>ACOUSTIC BARRIERS</langstring>
        </caption>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>MONOTH_00002</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>ACOUSTIC INSULATION</langstring>
        </caption>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>MONOTH_00003</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>ACOUSTIC PHONETICS</langstring>
        </caption>
        <description>
           <langstring language=‘en’>
        Study of the physical properties of speech sounds during
        transmission and as the are heard by the listener</langstring>
        </description>
     </term>
     <relationship>
        <sourceTerm>MONOTH_00001</sourceTerm>
        <targetTerm>MONOTH_00002</targetTerm>
        <relationshipType> source=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/vocabularies/iso2788_relations.xml’>USE</relationshipType >
     </relationship>
     <relationship>
        <sourceTerm>MONOTH_00002</sourceTerm>
        <targetTerm>MONOTH_00001</targetTerm>
        <relationshipType source=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/vocabularies/iso2788_relations.xml’>UF</relationshipType>
     </relationship>
  </vdex>

5.1.5 가상의 다국어 시소러스 구성요소

<?xml version=‘1.0’ encoding=‘UTF-8’ standalone=‘yes’?>
  <vdex orderSignificant=‘false’ profileType=‘thesaurus’

xsi:schemaLocation=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0 imsvdex_v1p0.xsd’

 xmlns=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0’ xmlns:xsi=‘http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance’>
     <vocabName>
        <langstring language=‘en’>An example bilingual thesaurus fragment using exact

equivalences - the world</langstring>
     </vocabName>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>W</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>world</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘es’>mundo</langstring>
        </caption>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>EU</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>Europe</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘es’>Europa</langstring>
        </caption>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>ES</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>Spain</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘es’>España</langstring>
        </caption>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>GB</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>Great Britain</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘es’>Gran Bretaña</langstring>
        </caption>
     </term>
     <relationship>
        <sourceTerm>W</sourceTerm>
        <targetTerm>EU</targetTerm>
        <relationshipType source=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/vocabularies/iso2788_relations.xml’>NT</relationshipType>
     </relationship>
     <relationship>
        <sourceTerm>EU</sourceTerm>
        <targetTerm>ES</targetTerm>
        <relationshipType source=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/vocabularies/iso2788_relations.xml’>NT</relationshipType>
     </relationship>
     <relationship>
        <sourceTerm>EU</sourceTerm>
        <targetTerm>GB</targetTerm>
        <relationshipType source=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/vocabularies/iso2788_relations.xml’>NT</relationshipType>
     </relationship>
     <relationship>
        <sourceTerm>EU</sourceTerm>
        <targetTerm>W</targetTerm>
        <relationshipType source=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/vocabularies/iso2788_relations.xml’>BT</relationshipType>
     </relationship>
     <relationship>
        <sourceTerm>GB</sourceTerm>
        <targetTerm>EU</targetTerm>
        <relationshipType source=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/vocabularies/iso2788_relations.xml’>BT</relationshipType>
     </relationship>
     <relationship>
        <sourceTerm>ES</sourceTerm>
        <targetTerm>EU</targetTerm>
        <relationshipType source=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/vocabularies/iso2788_relations.xml’>BT</relationshipType>
     </relationship>
  </vdex>

5.1.6 다국어 토큰 플랫 리스트의 구성요소

<?xml version=‘1.0’ encoding=‘UTF-8’?>
  <vdex xmlns=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0’

xmlns:xsi=‘http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance’ xsi:schemaLocation=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0 imsvdex_v1p0.xsd

 http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsmd_rootv1p2p1 imsmd_rootv1p2p1.xsd’ orderSignificant=‘false’ profileType=‘flatTokenTerms’ language=‘en’>
     <vocabName>
        <langstring language=‘en’>ETB - Teaching Methods</langstring>
        <langstring language=‘es’>ETB - Métodos de enseñanza</langstring>
        <langstring language=‘el’>ETB - ìÝèïäïé äéäáóêáëßáò</langstring>
        <!-- this is only a fragment -->
     </vocabName>
     <vocabIdentifier>http://www.eun.org/etb/voc/pedagogical.doc#teaching_methods</vocabIdentifier>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>brainstorm</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>Brainstorming</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘es’>Brainstorming</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘el’>åëåýèåñç óõæÞôçóç</langstring>
        </caption>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>CAI</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>Computer assisted instruction</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘es’>Enseñanza asistida por ordenador</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘el’>äéäáóêáëßá ìå ôçí âïÞèåéá õðïëïãéóôÞ</langstring>
        </caption>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>cooperativeLearning</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>Cooperative learning</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘es’>Aprendizaje cooperativo</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘el’>óõíåñãáôéêÞ ìÜèçóç</langstring>
        </caption>
     </term>
     <term>
        <termIdentifier>demonstrations</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring language=‘en’>Demonstrations</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘es’>Demostraciones</langstring>
           <langstring language=‘el’>ÐáñáäåéãìáôéêÞ äéäáóêáëßá</langstring>
        </caption>
     </term>
     <metadata>
        <lom xmlns=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsmd_rootv1p2p1’>
           <relation>
              <kind>
                 <source>
                    <langstring>LOMv1.0</langstring>
                 </source>
                 <value>
                    <langstring>IsBasedOn</langstring>
                 </value>
              </kind>
              <resource>
                 <description>
                    <langstring>European Schoolnet, European Treasury Browser - Multilingual vocabulary for learning situation, http://www.eun.org/etb/voc/pedagogical.doc</langstring>
                 </description>
              </resource>
           </relation>
           <relation>
              <kind>
                 <source>
                    <langstring>LOMv1.0</langstring>
                 </source>
                 <value>
                    <langstring>IsBasedOn</langstring>
                 </value>
              </kind>
              <resource>
                 <description>
                    <langstring>GEM LearningSituation Original vocabulary translated in 7 languages for ETB </langstring>
                 </description>
              </resource>
           </relation>
        </lom>
     </metadata>
  </vdex>

5.1.7 IEEE LOM 어휘의 구성요소

<?xml version=‘1.0’ encoding=‘UTF-8’?>
  <vdex orderSignificant=‘false’ profileType=‘hierarchicalTokenTerms’ language=‘en’

xsi:schemaLocation=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0 imsvdex_v1p0.xsd’

xmlns=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsvdex_v1p0’ xmlns:xsi=‘http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance’>
     <vocabName>
        <langstring>IEEE LOM v1.0 Vocabularies</langstring>
     </vocabName>
     <vocabIdentifier>URN:FICTIONAL:this_is_not_IEEE_approved</vocabIdentifier>
     <!-- this is a fraction of the LOM vocabularies for the purposes of illustrating IMS VDEX 1.0 -->
     <term validIndex=‘false’>
        <termIdentifier>aggregationLevel</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>Aggregation Level Descriptors</langstring>
        </caption>
        <term>
           <termIdentifier>1</termIdentifier>
           <caption>
              <langstring> the smallest level of aggregation, e.g., raw media data or fragments.</langstring>
           </caption>
        </term>
        <term>
           <termIdentifier>2</termIdentifier>
           <caption>
              <langstring>a collection of level 1 learning objects, e.g., a lesson</langstring>
           </caption>
        </term>
        <term>
           <termIdentifier>3</termIdentifier>
           <caption>
              <langstring>a collection of level 2 learning objects, e.g., a course.</langstring>
           </caption>
        </term>
        <term>
           <termIdentifier>4</termIdentifier>
           <caption>
              <langstring> the largest level of granularity, e.g., a set of courses that lead to a certificate. Level 4 objects can contain level 3 objects, or can recursively contain other level 4 objects.</langstring>
           </caption>
        </term>
     </term>
     <term validIndex=‘false’>
        <termIdentifier>learningResourceType</termIdentifier>
        <caption>
           <langstring>Learning Resource Types</langstring>
        </caption>
        <term>
           <termIdentifier>excercise</termIdentifier>
           <caption>
              <langstring>exercise</langstring>
           </caption>
        </term>
        <!-- further members of the Learning Resource Type vocabulary -->
     </term>
  </vdex>

5.2.1 어휘교환 표준을 IMS 콘텐츠 패키지의 콘텐츠 유형으로 활용

<?xml version=‘1.0’ encoding=‘UTF-8’?>
  <manifest identifier=‘MANIFEST1’ xmlns=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imscp_v1p1’ xmlns:imsmd=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsmd_v1p2’ xmlns:xsi=‘http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance’ xsi:schemaLocation=‘http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imscp_v1p1 imscp_v1p1.xsd’>
           <metadata/>
           <organizations default=‘TOC1’>
              <organization identifier=‘TOC1’ structure=‘hierarchical’>
                 <title>Eye Glossaries</title>
                 <item identifier=‘ITEM1’ identifierref=‘RESOURCE1’>
                    <title>Glaucoma Glossary</title>
                 </item>
              </organization>
           </organizations>
           <resources>
              <resource identifier=‘RESOURCE1’ type=‘ims_vdex_xmlv1p0/content’ href=‘=vdex.xml’>
                 <file href=‘vdex.xml’/>
                 <file href=‘glaucoma1.jpg’/>
                 <file href=‘glaucoma2.jpg’/>
                 <file href=‘glaucoma3.jpg’/>
                 <file href=‘glaucoma4.jpg’/>
                 <file href=‘glaucoma5.jpg’/>
                 <file href=‘glaucoma6.jpg’/>
              </resource>
           </resources>
  </manifest>

5.2.2 어휘교환 인스턴스에 메타데이터 활용

6.1.1 목적

6.1.2 시나리오

그림 6.1 yes/no 옵션의 사용자 인터페이스

6.2.1 목적

• 구체적인 주제 분류 방식
• 의도된 최종 사용자를 위한 구체적인 어휘
• 선호하는 핵심어 목록

6.2.2 시나리오

1. 메타데이터 생성자는 IMS 메타데이터1.2 버전 스키마 내의 학습 객체를 위한 메타데이터를 생성하는 맞춤 가능한 메타데이터 생성 도구를 시동시킨다.

2. 생성자는 도구 옵션을 사용하여 자신의 하드 드라이브에 저장되어 있는 IMS 어휘교환 XML 문서의위치를파악한다. 이 XML문서는주제분류방식과의도된사용자역할과관련된어휘그리고선호하는키워드목록을기술한다. 생성자는각각의특정메타데이터내의문맥내에서이작업을수행한다.

3. 메타데이터 생성 내에서 메타데이터 생성자는 다음의 사항들을 수행한다.